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A cooperative behavior is one that benefits an individual (the recipient) other than the one performing the behavior (the actor). [1] This article outlines the various forms of cooperative interactions (mutualism and altruism) seen in microbial systems, as well as the benefits that might have driven the evolution of these complex behaviors.
Corynebacterium (/ k ɔː ˈ r aɪ n ə b æ k ˌ t ɪər i ə m,-ˈ r ɪ n-/) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic.They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name (coryneform means "club-shaped").
Human interactions with microbes include both practical and symbolic uses of microbes, and negative interactions in the form of human, domestic animal, and crop diseases. Practical use of microbes began in ancient times with fermentation in food processing ; bread , beer and wine have been produced by yeasts from the dawn of civilisation, such ...
[7] [8] The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product ( short-chain fatty acid ), acetate .
Cooperative quorum sensing, involving microbial intelligence, facilitates natural genetic transformation, a process in which extracellular DNA is taken up by V. cholerae cells. [27] V. cholerae is a bacterial pathogen that causes cholera with severe contagious diarrhea that affects millions of people globally.
Most bacteria in the human body are actually good for us and help with carrying out necessary life processes. Gut bacteria in humans often aid in the breakdown of foods and synthesize important vitamins that could not be processed by humans alone. [16] Therefore, humans must be careful when taking antibiotics when they are sick. Antibiotics do ...
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.