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The Ottoman entry into World War I began on 29 October 1914 when it launched the Black Sea Raid against Russian ports. Following the attack, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 2 November, [14] followed by their allies (Britain and France) declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914. [15]
The First World War, Volume 1: To Arms. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926191-1. Trumpener, Ulrich. (2003). "The Ottoman Empire" in Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herweg, eds. The Origins of World War I pp 337-55; Trumpener, Ulrich (1962). "Turkey's Entry into World War I: An Assessment of Responsibilities". Journal of Modern ...
This is a list of battles in World War I in which the Ottoman Empire fought. The Ottoman Empire fought on many fronts including the Eastern , Romanian and Macedonian fronts. Only battles in which the Ottoman Empire was one of the major belligerents are shown.
Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–78) Ottoman Empire Montenegro: Defeat. Montenegro gains the towns of Nikšić, Kolašin, Spuž, Podgorica, Žabljak and Bar. Montenegro's territory increases from 4,405 km 2 to 9,475 km 2; De jure independence of Montenegro; Treaty of San Stefano; Treaty of Berlin; 1876–1877 First Serbian–Ottoman War ...
Turkish professor Kamer Kasim has stated that the cumulative percentage was actually 26.9% of the population (1.9% higher than the 25% reported by Western sources), the highest proportion of all the countries that took part in World War I. [89] This increase of 1.9% represents an additional 399,000 civilians in the total number. [citation needed]
The causes of the Great War have generally been defined in diplomatic terms, but certain deep-seated issues in Austria-Hungary undoubtedly contributed to the beginnings of the First World War. [40] The Austro-Hungarian situation in the Balkans pre-1914 is a primary factor in its involvement in the war.
The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War (2010). Brandenburg, Erich. (1927) From Bismarck to the World War: A History of German Foreign Policy 1870–1914 (1927) online. Clark, Christopher. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (2013) Craig, Gordon A.
The Sinai and Palestine campaign was part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, taking place between January 1915 and October 1918.The British Empire, the French Third Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy fought alongside the Arab Revolt in opposition to the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.