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Tear resistance (or tear strength) is a measure of how well a material can withstand the effects of tearing. [1] It is a useful engineering measurement for a wide variety of materials by many different test methods .
Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture.
Fracture toughness tests are performed to quantify the resistance of a material to failure by cracking. Such tests result in either a single-valued measure of fracture toughness or in a resistance curve. Resistance curves are plots where fracture toughness parameters (K, J etc.) are plotted against parameters characterizing the propagation of ...
Unlike a cut, which is generally on a straight or patterned line controlled by a tool such as scissors, a tear is generally uneven and, for the most part, unplanned. An exception is a tear along a perforated line , as found on a roll of toilet paper or paper towels , which has been previously partially cut, so the effort of tearing will ...
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...
Buckling may occur even though the stresses that develop in the structure are well below those needed to cause failure in the material of which the structure is composed. . Further loading may cause significant and somewhat unpredictable deformations, possibly leading to complete loss of the member's load-carrying capac
Figure 1 Hard wheel rolling on and deforming a soft surface, resulting in the reaction force R from the surface having a component that opposes the motion. (W is some vertical load on the axle, F is some towing force applied to the axle, r is the wheel radius, and both friction with the ground and friction at the axle are assumed to be negligible and so are not shown.
The rectangularly-framed section has deformed into a parallelogram (shear strain), but the triangular roof trusses have resisted the shear stress and remain undeformed. In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.