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In 1978, the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) introduced notes in denominations of 5 hao, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 dong dated 1976. In 1980, 2 and 10 dong notes were added, followed by 30 and 100 dong notes in 1981. These notes were discontinued in 1985 as they gradually lost value due to inflation and economic instability.
In 1953, 10, 20 and 50 su coins were introduced. In 1960, 1 đồng were added, followed by 10 đồng in 1964, 5 đồng in 1966 and 20 đồng in 1968. 50 đồng were minted dated 1975 but they were never shipped to Vietnam due to the fall of the South Vietnamese government.
The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV; Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) is the central bank of Vietnam. Organized as a ministry-level body under the Government of Vietnam, it is the sole issuer of the national currency, the Vietnamese đồng. [3] As of 2024 it holds over USD 100 million in foreign exchange reserves. [2]
The government (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa) issued two forms of paper money for this currency, "Vietnamese banknotes" (Giấy Bạc Việt Nam) and "Credit notes" (Tín Phiếu). In 1946, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 20 and 50 xu, 1, 5, 20, 50, 100 đồng, together with credit notes for 1 đồng.
Kinh te Viet Nam – Thang tram va Dot pha. Hanoi: NXB Chinh Tri Quoc Gia, 2009. Sakata, Shozo (2013). Vietnam's Economic Entities in Transition. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-45205-7. Vincent Edwards and Anh Phan (2014) Managers and Management in Vietnam. 25 Years of Economic Renovation (Doi moi). Routledge. ISBN 9781138816657; Võ, Nhân Trí (1990).
The Vietnamese cash (chữ Hán: 文 錢 văn tiền; chữ Nôm: 銅 錢 đồng tiền; French: sapèque), [a] [b] also called the sapek or sapèque, [c] is a cast round coin with a square hole that was an official currency of Vietnam from the Đinh dynasty in 970 until the Nguyễn dynasty in 1945, and remained in circulation in North Vietnam until 1948.
In cash coins the term tiền could be used to refer to sub-strings of 10 cash coins in a string of 100~600. [1] Though the quality of cash coins was also important for counting a tiền, in 1945 a tiền of tiền gián included 36 cash coins, while a tiền of tiền quý included 60 cash coins.
In Vietnam, the term Việt Kiều is used to describe Vietnamese people living abroad, though it is not commonly adopted as a term of self-identification. [81] Instead, many overseas Vietnamese also use the terms Người Việt hải ngoại ("Overseas Vietnamese"), a neutral designation, or Người Việt tự do ("Free Vietnamese"), which carries a political connotation.