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This category is for non-cardinals elected pope by a papal election of conclave. Such individuals have been the exception to the rule since the papal bull of 1058, In nomine Domini, reserved the election of the pope to the cardinals exclusively.
After the death of Pope Nicholas IV on 4 April 1292, the eleven surviving cardinals (a twelfth died during the sede vacante) deliberated for more than two years before electing the third of six non-cardinals to be elected pope during the Late Middle Ages: Pietro da Morrone, who took the name Pope Celestine V. [1]
Pope Urban VI in 1378 became the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. [31] The last person elected as pope who was not already an ordained priest or deacon was the cardinal-deacon Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, elected as Pope Leo X in 1513. [32] His successor, Pope Adrian VI, was the last to be elected (1522) in absentia. [33]
Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized. SS. Pietro e Cesareo in Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome The 1119 papal election took place in Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.
The last French pope. 202: 8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (11 years, 190 days) Urban VI VRBANVS Sextus: Bartolomeo Prignano c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples 60 / 71 Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. — 20 September 1378 – 16 September 1394 (15 years ...
The most recent pope to resign was Benedict XVI, who vacated the Holy See on 28 February 2013, the date of his effective resignation. He was the first pope to do so since Gregory XII in 1415. Despite its common usage in discussion of papal renunciations, [2] the term abdication is not used in the official documents of the church for ...
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Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest. With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals. [60]