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Note that for the automotive/hotrod use-case the most convenient (used by enthusiasts) unit of length for the piston-rod-crank geometry is the inch, with typical dimensions being 6" (inch) rod length and 2" (inch) crank radius. This article uses units of inch (") for position, velocity and acceleration, as shown in the graphs above.
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder. Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders: [1] displacement = π ( 1 / 2 × bore ) 2 × stroke × n cylinders
A slipper piston is a piston for a petrol engine that has been reduced in size and weight as much as possible. In the extreme case, they are reduced to the piston crown, support for the piston rings, and just enough of the piston skirt remaining to leave two lands so as to stop the piston rocking in the bore.
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels. [1]The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block.
The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout [1]: pp. 13–16 (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) [2] and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines.
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines. It is located in a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. Its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In two-stroke engines the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder ...
In the V-twin configuration, the two pistons reach TDC at different times, equal to the angular displacement between the cylinders. In the flat twin configuration, two opposing pistons reach TDC simultaneously, which is also called 0° displacement, but one piston will be at TDC of the compression stroke, the other on TDC of the exhaust stroke.