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Cetuximab, sold under the brand name Erbitux, is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor medication used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. [2] Cetuximab is a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion .
pentoxyfylline – xanthine derivative used in as an antiinflammatory drug and in the prevention of endotoxemia; pergolide – dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses; phenobarbital – anti-convulsant used for seizures; phenylbutazone – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [ 3 ]
In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. [3] A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" ( C max ), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time.
Lokivetmab, trade name Cytopoint, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat atopic dermatitis in dogs. [1] It acts against interleukin 31 (IL-31), [2] which is a cytokine involved in causing itchiness (pruritus). [2] Lokivetmab is administered by subcutaneous injection; each dose is effective for four to eight weeks. [3]
Brain death is observed first. Breathing generally stops within seconds. However, euthanasia may be delayed in dogs that have deficient cardiac and circulatory function. [2] The pentobarbital component produces anaesthesia and rapid unconsciousness. A lethal dose causes loss of medullary respiration and vasomotor function.
The maximum tolerable dose (MTD) information is necessary to be able to design such groups and therefore dose-ranging studies are usually designed after the availability of MTD information. [1] The main goal of a dose-ranging study is to estimate the response vs. dose given, so as to analyze the efficacy and safety of the drug.
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS), previously known as Spike's disease, is a hereditary dog disease initially found in Border Terriers and has since been documented in many other dog breeds including Labrador Retrievers and Chihuahuas, with similarities to canine epilepsy. Its cause is unknown. [1]