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Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. [2] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest ...
Plasmodium is a eukaryote but with unusual features. The genus Plasmodium consists of all eukaryotes in the phylum Apicomplexa that both undergo the asexual replication process of merogony inside host red blood cells and produce the crystalline pigment hemozoin as a byproduct of digesting host hemoglobin. [2]
Plasmodium malariae and P. knowlesi (which is the most common cause of malaria in Southeast Asia) look very similar under the microscope. However, P. knowlesi parasitemia increases very fast and causes more severe disease than P. malariae, so it is important to identify and treat infections
The most important binding properties of P. falciparum known to date are mediated by the head structure of PfEMP1, consisting of DBL domains and CIDRs. [55] DBL domains can bind to a variety of cell receptors including thrombospondin (TSP), complement receptor 1 (CR1), chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), [ 5 ] P-selectin , [ 56 ] endothelial protein C ...
Blood smears showing various developmental stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, stained with Wright stain and Giemsa stain. The preferred and most reliable diagnosis of malaria is microscopic examination of blood smears, because each of the four major parasite species has distinguishing characteristics.
Maurer's clefts are thought function as sorting centers, through which parasite proteins are trafficked on their way to the red blood cell surface. [1] The most important of these are parasite proteins involved in binding of infected red blood cells to the host blood vessels, such as PfEMP1s, repetitive interspersed family proteins (), and subtelomeric variant open reading frame proteins ...
Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malarial infection.
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen.This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria. [2] Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites, P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen).