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In hydraulic engineering, air bubble entrainment is defined as the entrapment of air bubbles and pockets that are advected within the turbulent flow. [1] The entrainment of air packets can be localised or continuous along the air–water interface. Examples of localised aeration include air entrainment by plunging water jet and at hydraulic ...
The hydraulic jump is characterised by a highly turbulent flow. Macro-scale vortices develop in the jump roller and interact with the free surface leading to air bubble entrainment, splashes and droplets formation in the two-phase flow region. [23] [24] The air–water flow is associated with turbulence, which can also lead to sediment ...
Air entrainment in concrete is the intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in a batch by adding an air entraining agent during mixing. A form of surfactant (a surface-active substance that in the instance reduces the surface tension between water and solids) it allows bubbles of a desired size to form.
Also note the entrained bubbles in the body of the water, and an expanding ring of disturbance propagating away from the impact site. The Weber number ( We ) is a dimensionless number in fluid mechanics that is often useful in analysing fluid flows where there is an interface between two different fluids, especially for multiphase flows with ...
Chanson authored several books among which: Hydraulic Design of Stepped Cascades, Channels, Weirs and Spillways (Pergamon, 1995), Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows (Academic Press, 1997), The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction (Edward Arnold/Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999 & 2004), The Hydraulics of Stepped ...
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Entrainment is the transport of fluid across an interface between two bodies of fluid by a shear-induced turbulent flux. [1] Entrainment is important in turbulent jets, plumes , and gravity currents , and is an ongoing topic of research.