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Ground pressure is the pressure exerted on the ground by the tires or tracks of a motorized vehicle, and is one measure of its potential mobility, [1] especially over soft ground.
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. [1] [2] A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements.
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
´ =, where F is load applied [N] and A is area [m 2]. As stated, the area of the specimen varies on compression. In reality therefore the area is some function of the applied load i.e. A = f (F). Indeed, stress is defined as the force divided by the area at the start of the experiment.
The loading mechanism of the oedometer applies a known compressive load, and therefore a known compressive stress since the diameter is fixed, to the soil sample. Most oedometers achieve this with a lever arm and a set of free weights : the free weights provide a known gravitational load, and the lever arm multiplies and transmits the load to ...
The edge crush test is a laboratory test method that is used to measure the cross-direction crushing of a sample of corrugated board.It gives information on the ability of a particular board construction to resist crushing.
The SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m 3 /kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2, though the latter form is rarely used. Specific strength has the same units as specific energy , and is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation that an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force .
In engineering, the ultimate load [1] is a statistical figure used in calculations, and should (hopefully) never actually occur. Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads (the maximum loads to be expected in service) and ultimate loads (limit loads multiplied by prescribed factors of safety).