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Roman citizens were expected to perform some duties (munera publica) to the state in order to retain their rights as citizens. Failure to perform citizenship duties could result in the loss of privileges, as seen during the Second Punic War when men who refused military service lost their right to vote and were forced out of their voting tribes ...
The Valerian and Porcian laws were Roman laws passed between 509 BC and 184 BC. They exempted Roman citizens from degrading and shameful forms of punishment, such as whipping, scourging, or crucifixion. They also established certain rights for Roman citizens, including provocatio, the right to appeal to the tribunes of the plebs. The Valerian ...
"Constitution of Antoninus", also called "Edict of Caracalla" or "Antonine Constitution") was an edict issued in 212 by Caracalla declaring that all free men in the Roman Empire were to be given full Roman citizenship, [28] with the exception of the dediticii, people who had become subject to Rome through surrender in war, and freed slaves.
Western Roman Emperor: June 425: Aquileia: Ardabur [76] Hassan Yuha'min: King of Himyar: 448: Iraq: Sharhabil Yafar [77] Valentinian III: Western Roman Emperor: March 16, 455: Rome: Western Roman Empire: Followers of Flavius Aetius [78] Ankō: Emperor of Japan: 456: Kofun Japan: Mayowa no Ōkimi [79] Majorian: Western Roman Emperor: August 7 ...
The total number of men killed through decimation is not known, but it varied on occasion between 1,000 from 10,000 men and 48–50 from a cohort of around 500 men. A specific instance saw 500 men selected by Crassus from the survivors of two legions which had broken and run in combat against the rebel slaves.
The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens (Latin: Rōmānī; Ancient Greek: Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi) [a] during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. This concept underwent considerable changes throughout the long history of the Roman civilisation, as its borders expanded and contracted.
Babeuf also wrote a newspaper called Le tribun du peuple (Tribune of the People). Babeuf was executed in 1797 for attempting to overthrow the French Directory. [145] Views of the Gracchi have changed over time. In the ancient world, the two brothers were largely viewed as an organised force acting in concert. [51]
[81] [82] The city was devastated for several days, many of the citizens were killed or took shelter outside the walls. Of 189 Swiss Guards on duty only 42 survived. [81] [83] The Pope himself was imprisoned for months in Castel Sant'Angelo. The sack marked the end of one of the most splendid eras of modern Rome.