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Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by CYP3A4 gene. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules ( xenobiotics ), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the body.
"Indiana University Department of Medicine Clinical Pharmacology Drug Interactions Flockhart Table ™". "INHIBITORS, INDUCERS AND SUBSTRATES OF CYTOCHROME P450 ISOZYMES". "The Life Raft Group: Long List of Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6". "DRUGBANK Online: Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors".
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene. [5] CYP2B6 is a member of the cytochrome P450 group of enzymes. Along with CYP2A6 , it is involved with metabolizing nicotine , along with many other substances.
For example, CYP2E1 is the gene that encodes the enzyme CYP2E1—one of the enzymes involved in paracetamol (acetaminophen) metabolism. The CYP nomenclature is the official naming convention, although occasionally CYP450 or CYP 450 is used synonymously. These names should never be used as according to the nomenclature convention (as they denote ...
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme protein. It is a member of the CYP2C subfamily of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system. This subfamily includes enzymes that catalyze metabolism of xenobiotics , including some proton pump inhibitors and antiepileptic drugs.
Valproate is known to be metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5. [68] It is also known to be metabolized by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15. [68]
Effects on P450 isozyme activity are a major source of adverse drug interactions, since changes in P450 enzyme activity may affect the metabolism and clearance of various drugs. For example, if one drug inhibits the P450-mediated metabolism of another drug, the second drug may accumulate within the body to toxic levels.
Irinotecan is metabolized by intrahepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 into inactive metabolites APC (7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin) and NPC (7-ethyl-10-[4-amino-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin). NPC can be further converted by CES1 and CES2 in the liver to SN-38.
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