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The Upheaval of the Five Barbarians also translated as the Uprising, Rebellion [6] or the Revolt [7] of the Five Barbarians (simplified Chinese: 五胡乱华; traditional Chinese: 五胡亂華; lit. 'Five foreign tribes disrupting China' [ 8 ] ) is a Chinese expression used to refer to a chaotic period of warfare from 304 to 316 during the fall ...
The Five Barbarians as a concept only emerged during the 12th century in the Southern Song dynasty, when the official, Hong Mai wrote an essay titled "Wuhu Luanhua" (五胡亂華; "Upheaval of the Five Barbarians") in his book, Rongzhai Suibi (容齋隨筆).
Most concerning was the Five Divisions (五部) in Bing province, descendants of the Southern Xiongnu who had established their state of Han back in 304. Under the guise of restoring the Han dynasty , they were able to attract many Chinese and tribal rebels on the North China Plain to their cause.
The War of the Eight Princes coincided with the upheaval of the so-called "Five Barbarians"; non-Chinese groups that had been resettling into the Chinese interior as far back as the Eastern Han dynasty. Through their civil wars and mismanagement of the empire, the Jin lost support from both the Chinese peasantry and the non-Chinese tribes ...
The dynasty was greatly weakened by this civil conflict, and it soon faced more upheaval when the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians began in 304. During this unrest, the Jin capital Luoyang was sacked by Han-Zhao ruler Liu Cong in 311, and Jin emperor Sima Chi, posthumously known as Emperor Huai, was captured and later executed.
Classical Chinese historians called the period the "Sixteen Kingdoms of the Five Barbarians" (simplified Chinese: 五胡十六国; traditional Chinese: 五胡十六國; pinyin: Wǔhú Shíliù Guó) because of the active roles played by non-Han ethnicities during this period.
Upheaval of the Five Barbarians This page was last edited on 28 September 2021, at 00:18 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4. ...
During the first half of the 4th century, the Jin dynasty gradually lost control over its northern territories to the so-called 'Five Barbarians' in a period that would come to know as the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Jin moved its capital south to Jiankang in 318, and by 330, northern China was effectively unified by Shi Le's Later Zhao.