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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. Common tics are blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements.
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a psychological measure designed to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms of disorders such as tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17. [1] [2]
Coprolalia is an occasional characteristic of Tourette syndrome, although it is not required for a diagnosis of Tourette's. Typically, symptoms of coprolalia follow the development of phonic or motor tics by four to seven years. The severity of symptoms tends to peak during adolescence and subside during adulthood. [9] In Tourette syndrome ...
Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three, [ 1 ] [ 8 ] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics.
Arthur K. Shapiro, M.D., (January 11, 1923 – June 3, 1995) was an American psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome.His "contributions to the understanding of Tourette syndrome completely changed the prevailing view of this disorder"; [2] he has been described as "the father of modern tic disorder research" [3] and is "revered by his colleagues as the first dean of modern Tourette ...
The Shapiros, working with the patient families who founded in 1972 the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA, renamed to Tourette Association of America, TAA, in 2015), advanced the argument that Tourette's is a neurological, rather than psychological, disorder, [14] and worked to persuade the media to promote information about Tourette's. [20]
In a 2003 study by Shytle and colleagues, a survey was sent to parents from a TS group email list, asking them to rate the frequency and relative significance of 32 behavioral and emotional symptoms observed in their children. [2] Of 35 respondents, 80% concurred that behavioral and emotional symptoms were more afflicting than tics. [2]