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The Armenian genocide [a] was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the forced Islamization of others, primarily women and children.
The Armenian Genocide laid the groundwork for the Turkish nation-state to become more homogeneous. By the end of World War I, over 90 percent of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were gone with most traces of their existence erased. The women and children who survived were frequently forced to convert to Islam and give up their Armenian ...
In 1895, revolts among the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in pursuit of equal treatment led to Sultan Abdül Hamid's decision to massacre tens of thousands of Armenians in the Hamidian massacres. [3] During World War I, the Ottoman government massacred between 1.2 and 1.8 million Armenians in the Armenian genocide.
The Turkish–Armenian War (Armenian: Հայ-թուրքական պատերազմ), known in Turkey as the Eastern Front (Turkish: Doğu Cephesi) of the Turkish War of Independence, was a conflict between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish National Movement following the collapse of the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920.
President Joe Biden on Saturday plans to follow through on a campaign pledge to formally recognize that atrocities committed against the Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire more than a century ...
The presence of Armenians in Anatolia is documented since the sixth century BCE, almost two millennia before Turkish presence in the area. [8] [9] The Ottoman Empire effectively treated Armenians and other non-Muslims as second-class citizens under Islamic rule, even after the nineteenth-century Tanzimat reforms intended to equalize their status. [10]
The combination of Russian military success in the recent Russo-Turkish War, the clear weakening of the Ottoman Empire in various spheres including financial spheres (from 1873, the Ottoman Empire suffered greatly from the Panic of 1873), territorial (mentioned above), and the hope among some Armenians that one day all of the Armenian territory ...
Several civilian officials, mostly Young Turks, opposed the genocide and sometimes went as far as saving Armenians.One such case is Hasan Mazhar, the governor (vali) of Ankara, who refused to participate in the genocide, was dismissed, and later returned to lead the Istanbul trials that sentenced the most obvious culprits of the genocide to death. [2]