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Quinine is also used as an ingredient in tonic water and other beverages to impart a bitter taste. [8] Common side effects include headache, ringing in the ears, vision issues, and sweating. [5] More severe side effects include deafness, low blood platelets, and an irregular heartbeat. [5] Use can make one more prone to sunburn. [5]
A gin and tonic is a highball cocktail made with gin and tonic water poured over a large amount of ice. [1] The ratio of gin to tonic varies according to taste, strength of the gin, other drink mixers being added, etc., with most recipes calling for a ratio between 1:1 and 1:3.
The GI cocktail is a mixture of a viscous anesthetic, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. [1] [2] Common viscous anesthetics use are viscous lidocaine or xylocaine.Common antacids used are magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or simethicone (more commonly known as Mylanta or Maalox). [3]
After juniper, gin tends to be flavoured with herbs, spices, floral or fruit flavours, or often a combination. It is commonly mixed with tonic water in a gin and tonic. Gin is also used as a base spirit to produce flavoured, gin-based liqueurs, for example sloe gin, traditionally produced by the addition of fruit, flavourings and sugar.
The first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858 when it was patented by the owner of Pitt & Co., Erasmus Bond. [3] [4] The mixed drink gin and tonic also originated in British colonial India, when the British mixed their medicinal quinine tonic with gin and other ingredients to make the bitter medicine more palatable. [5]
As the quinine powder was so bitter people began mixing the powder with soda and sugar, and a basic tonic water was created. The first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858. [29] The mixed drink gin and tonic also originated in British colonial India, when the British population would mix their medicinal quinine tonic with gin. [20]
The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...
These adverse effects are believed to be due to the neurotoxic effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol on aberrant neuronal plasticity and cortical damage. Repeated periods of acute intoxication followed by acute detoxification has profound effects on the brain and is associated with an increased risk of seizures as well as cognitive deficits.