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  2. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns, which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [1] The pattern is useful when exactly one object is needed to coordinate actions across a system. More specifically, the singleton pattern allows classes to: [2] Ensure they only have one instance

  3. C Sharp syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax

    This is a feature of C# 9.0. Similar to in scripting languages, top-level statements removes the ceremony of having to declare the Program class with a Main method. Instead, statements can be written directly in one specific file, and that file will be the entry point of the program. Code in other files will still have to be defined in classes.

  4. C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)

    C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.

  5. Value type and reference type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_type_and_reference_type

    In C#, apart from the distinction between value types and reference types, there is also a separate concept called reference variables. [3] A reference variable, once declared and bound, behaves as an alias of the original variable, but it can also be rebounded to another variable by using the reference assignment operator = ref .

  6. Frontend and backend - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontend_and_Backend

    In software development, frontend refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while backend involves the data management and processing behind the scenes. In the client–server model , the client is usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and the server is the backend, managing data and logic.

  7. Abstract factory pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_factory_pattern

    UML class diagram. The abstract factory pattern in software engineering is a design pattern that provides a way to create families of related objects without imposing their concrete classes, by encapsulating a group of individual factories that have a common theme without specifying their concrete classes. [1]

  8. Static single-assignment form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_single-assignment_form

    A subsequent 1987 paper by Jeanne Ferrante and Ronald Cytron [5] proved that the renaming done in the previous paper removes all false dependencies for scalars. [3] In 1988, Barry Rosen, Mark N. Wegman , and Kenneth Zadeck replaced the identity assignments with Φ-functions, introduced the name "static single-assignment form", and demonstrated ...

  9. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.