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Immediately before and after World War II, the plunger suspension, in which the axle moved up and down two vertical posts, became commonplace. In the latter, the movement in each direction was against coiled springs. Some manufacturers, such as Greeves, used swingarm designs for the front forks, which were more robust than telescopic forks.
As of January 2025 the available forks are: Fox 32, travel 40-100mm for gravel and light cross country use Fox 34, travel 120-140mm for cross country and light trail use Fox 36, travel 150-160mm for trail and enduro use Fox 38, travel 160-180mm for hard enduro use Fox 40, travel 203mm for downhill use (only dual crown fork)
Most motorcycles today use telescopic forks for the front suspension. The forks can most easily be understood as simply encased long coil springs with hydraulic damping of excess spring energy. They allow the front wheel to react to imperfections in the road while isolating the rest of the motorcycle from that motion. Telescopic forks on a 1969 BMW
The twist-beam rear suspension (also torsion-beam axle, deformable torsion beam, or compound crank) is a type of automobile suspension based on a large H- or C-shaped member. The front of the H attaches to the body via rubber bushings , and the rear of the H carries each stub-axle assembly, on each side of the car.
1968 BMW R60US with conventional telescopic fork Telescopic fork in upside down design, with stanchions at the bottom.. Conventional telescopic forks invariably have a pair of fork tubes, or "stanchions", at the top, clamped to a triple tree (also called a triple clamp or a yoke), and the sliders are at the bottom, attached to the front wheel spindle.
Paul began developing the first bicycle suspension fork. In 1989 or 1990, Turner approached Simons for help designing a suspension fork for mountain bikes. Turner had in 1987, with the help of Keith Bontrager, presented a full bike with front and rear suspension at the bicycle industry trade show in Long Beach. The industry was not impressed.
The springer fork is an early type of leading link fork. A springer fork does not have the suspension built into the fork tubes, but instead has it mounted externally, where it may be integrated into the triple clamp. This style of fork may be found on antique motorcycles or choppers, and is available today on Harley-Davidson's Softail Springer.
A Suntour Sprint rear derailleur A front derailleur manufactured by Suntour a pair of Suntour road brakes. In 1964, Suntour invented the slant-parallelogram rear derailleur. The parallelogram rear derailleur had gained prominence after Campagnolo's introduction of the "Gran Sport" in 1949, [7] [8] and the slant-parallelogram was an improvement of it that allowed the derailleur to maintain a ...