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Sterility is the inability to produce a biological child, while infertility is the inability to conceive after a certain period. [1] Sterility is rarely discussed in clinical literature and is often used synonymously with infertility. Infertility affects about 12-15% of couples globally. [2] Still, the prevalence of sterility remains unknown.
Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate. Ovulatory disorders make up 25% of the known causes of female infertility. Oligo-ovulation or anovulation results in infertility because no oocyte will be released monthly. In the absence of an oocyte, there is no opportunity for fertilization and pregnancy.
Male infertility can wholly or partially account for 40% of infertility among couples who are trying to have children. [2] It affects approximately 7% of all men. [3] Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. [4]
A major cause of female infertility is premature ovarian insufficiency. [54] This insufficiency is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women who are under the age of 40. [54] Some instances of female infertility are caused by DNA repair dysregulation during meiosis. [54]
Sterile or sterility may refer to: Asepsis, a state of being free from biological contaminants; Sterile (archaeology), a sediment deposit which contains no evidence of human activity; Sterilization (microbiology), any process that eliminates or kills all forms of life or removes them from an item or a field
The main cause is a physical obstruction (obstructive azoospermia) of the post-testicular genital tracts. The most common reason is a vasectomy done to induce contraceptive sterility. [ 7 ] Other obstructions can be congenital (for example, agenesis of the vas deferens as seen in certain cases of cystic fibrosis ) or acquired, such as ...
About 10–15% of human couples are infertile, unable to conceive.In approximately in half of these cases, the underlying cause is related to the male. The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic–pituitary disease, testicular cancers and germ-cell aplasia.
Subregions within the AZF region are AZFa (sometimes AZF1), AZFb and AZFc (together referred to as AZF2). AZF microdeletions are one of the major causes of male infertility for azoospermia (complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate [3] [4]) and severe oligozoospermia (less than 5 million spermatozoa in the ejaculate [4]) males.