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A description of the projective geometry can be constructed in the geometric algebra using basic operations. For example, given two distinct points in RP n−1 represented by vectors a and b the line containing them is given by a ∧ b (or b ∧ a). Two lines intersect in a point if A ∧ B = 0 for their bivectors A and B. This point is given ...
Depending on the course and instructor, special topics in introductory calculus might include the classical differential geometry of curves (arc-length parametrization, curvature, torsion, and the Frenet–Serret formulas), the epsilon-delta definition of the limit, first-order linear ordinary differential equations, Bernoulli differential ...
Condensed versions of the full Schaum's Outlines called "Easy Outlines" started to appear in the late 1990s, aimed primarily at high-school students, especially those taking AP courses. These typically feature the same explanatory material as their full-size counterparts, sometimes edited to omit advanced topics, but contain greatly reduced ...
In mathematics, a geometric algebra (also known as a Clifford algebra) is an algebra that can represent and manipulate geometrical objects such as vectors.Geometric algebra is built out of two fundamental operations, addition and the geometric product.
Some r-vectors are scalars (r = 0), vectors (r = 1) and bivectors (r = 2). One may generate a finite-dimensional GA by choosing a unit pseudoscalar (I). The set of all vectors that satisfy = is a vector space. The geometric product of the vectors in this vector space then defines the GA, of which I is a member.
The local (non-unit) basis vector is b 1 (notated h 1 above, with b reserved for unit vectors) and it is built on the q 1 axis which is a tangent to that coordinate line at the point P. The axis q 1 and thus the vector b 1 form an angle with the Cartesian x axis and the Cartesian basis vector e 1. It can be seen from triangle PAB that
In the study of geometric algebras, a k-blade or a simple k-vector is a generalization of the concept of scalars and vectors to include simple bivectors, trivectors, etc. Specifically, a k-blade is a k-vector that can be expressed as the exterior product (informally wedge product) of 1-vectors, and is of grade k. In detail: [1] A 0-blade is a ...
A space curve; the vectors T, N, B; and the osculating plane spanned by T and N. In differential geometry, the Frenet–Serret formulas describe the kinematic properties of a particle moving along a differentiable curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space, or the geometric properties of the curve itself irrespective of any motion.