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Modern-day CTG was developed and introduced in the 1950s and early 1960s by Edward Hon, Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia and Konrad Hammacher. The first commercial fetal monitor (Hewlett-Packard 8020A) was released in 1968. [1] CTG monitoring is widely used to assess fetal well-being by identifying babies at risk of hypoxia (lack of oxygen). [2]
A normal nonstress test will show a baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 beats per minute with moderate variability (5- to 25-interbeat variability) and 2 qualifying accelerations in 20 minutes with no decelerations. "Reactive" is defined as the presence of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute period. Each ...
As of November 2016, the director of NICHD is Diana W. Bianchi. [6] NICHD's budget in 2015 was an estimated $1.3 billion, which supported research at institutions, universities, and organizations throughout the world, as well as research conducted by NICHD scientists on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD, and at other facilities.
The Terminologia Embryologica (TE) is a standardized list of words used in the description of human embryologic and fetal structures.It was produced by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology on behalf of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists and posted on the Internet since 2010. [1]
fetal movement: FMF: fetal movements felt FMP: first menstrual period (that is, menarche) FMPP: Familial male precocious puberty: fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging: FMS: Fibromyalgia Syndrome: F→N: finger-to-nose test (one simple clinical test of motor coordination) FNA: fine-needle aspiration: FNAB: fine-needle aspiration biopsy: FNAC
Some resources indicate that there are clear reasons for this and that such scans are also clearly beneficial because ultrasound enables clear clinical advantages for assessing the developing fetus in terms of morphology, bone shape, skeletal features, fetal heart function, volume evaluation, fetal lung maturity, [21] and general fetus well being.
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A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, [1] with the score being termed Manning's score. [2] It is often done when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive, or for other obstetrical indications.