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A braking chopper is an magnetical switch that limits the DC bus voltage by switching the braking energy to a resistor where the braking energy is converted to heat. Braking choppers are automatically activated when the actual DC bus voltage exceeds a specified level depending on the nominal voltage of the variable-frequency drive
Auto-zero amplifiers use a secondary auxiliary amplifier to correct the input offset voltage of a main amplifier. Chopper-stabilized amplifiers use a combination of auto-zero and chopper techniques to give some excellent DC precision specifications. [2] Some example chopper and auto-zero amplifiers are LTC2050, [3] MAX4238/MAX4239 [4] and ...
The use of both braking systems at the same time is called blended braking. Li-ion batteries have also been used to store energy for use in bringing trains to a complete halt. [1] Although blended braking combines both dynamic and air braking, the resulting braking force is designed to be the same as the air brakes on their own provide.
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A DC injection brake system can be used as an alternative or addition to a friction brake system. DC injection brakes only require a small module located with the other motor switchgear and/or drivers, mounted in a remote and convenient location, whereas a friction brake must be mounted somewhere on the rotating system.
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To release the brakes, the engineer charges the brake pipe. This method of controlling the brakes on freight and passenger cars has remained virtually unchanged since its invention by George Westinghouse in 1868. The conventional braking system suffers from many weaknesses; one of which is in the reaction time. Because the engineer controls the ...
SpeedE, an academic concept car developed for studying drive-by-wire technologies such as brake-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology in the automotive industry is the ability to control brakes through electronic means, without a mechanical connection that transfers force to the physical braking system from a driver input apparatus such as a pedal or lever.