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The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
‡ Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO 2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water. The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO 2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid).
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Concentrated (50%) aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide have a characteristic viscosity, 78 mPa·s, that is much greater than that of water (1.0 mPa·s) and near that of olive oil (85 mPa·s) at room temperature.
The solubility of water in liquid carbon dioxide is measured in a range of temperatures, ranging from −29 °C (−20 °F) to 22.6 °C (72.7 °F). At this temperature, the pressure is measured in a range from 15 to 60 atmospheres. The solubility turned out to be very low: from 0.02 to 0.10 %. [5] Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram
That would have been prepared in 1818 by Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, by treating silicic acid with an alkali; the result being soluble in water, "but not affected by atmospheric changes". [8] The terms "water glass" and "soluble glass" were used by Leopold Wolff in 1846, [9] by Émile Kopp in 1857, [10] and by Hermann Krätzer in 1887. [11]
Enthalpy change of solution in water at 25 °C for some selected compounds [2] Compound ΔH o in kJ/mol; hydrochloric acid: −74.84 ammonium nitrate +25.69 ammonia: −30.50 potassium hydroxide: −57.61 caesium hydroxide: −71.55 sodium chloride +3.87 potassium chlorate +41.38 acetic acid: −1.51 sodium hydroxide: −44.50
Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), [ a ] or about 0.042% (as of May 2022) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.028%.
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