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In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone codification to the point of being socially perceived as the standard language, associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc. [1] All linguistic features are subject to the effects of ...
Standardization may originate from a motivation to make the written form of a language more uniform, as is the case of Standard English. [9] Typically, standardization processes include efforts to stabilize the spelling of the prestige dialect, to codify usages and particular ( denotative ) meanings through formal grammars and dictionaries ...
None official, but the Oxford English Dictionary is the principal historical dictionary of the English language. Estonian Estonia: Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond (Language Board at the Mother Tongue Society) sets rules and standards, authoritative advice is given by the Institute of the Estonian Language (Eesti Keele Instituut) 1993 Faroese
The standard English of the inner-circle countries is often taken as a norm for use of English in the outer-circle countries. [82] In the three-circles model, countries such as Poland, China, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Indonesia, Egypt, and other countries where English is taught as a foreign language, make up the "expanding circle". [90]
International English is the concept of using the English language as a global means of communication similar to an international auxiliary language, and often refers to the movement towards an international standard for the language. [1]
Codifying a language can vary from case to case and depends on the stage of standardization that might have already occurred naturally. It typically means to develop a writing system , set up normative rules for grammar , orthography , pronunciation , and usage of vocabulary as well as publish grammar books, dictionaries and similar guidelines.
Modern English spelling developed from about 1350 onwards, when—after three centuries of Norman French rule—English gradually became the official language of England again, although very different from before 1066, having incorporated many words of French origin (battle, beef, button, etc.).
Once English became the language of administration of law in England, a form of late Middle English called chancery English became such a standard. [1]: 102 When William Caxton introduced printing with movable type into England, the norms of his grammar and spelling were taken largely from chancery English. [2]