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There are also a number of other conditions that affect hands, feet, and parts of the face with associated skin color changes that need to be differentiated from acrocyanosis: Raynaud phenomenon, pernio, acrorygosis, erythromelalgia, and blue finger syndrome. The diagnosis may be challenging in some cases, especially when these syndromes co-exist.
Additionally, the oxygen that is already bound is held more tightly to the hemoglobin due to a higher affinity, resulting in less oxygen delivery. A methemoglobin level > 1.5 g/dL causes cyanosis . The most common congenital cause is a deficiency in the enzyme cytochrome b5 reductase which reduces methemoglobin in the blood.
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Schamberg's disease, (also known as "progressive pigmentary dermatosis of Schamberg", [1] "purpura pigmentosa progressiva" (PPP), [1] and "Schamberg's purpura" [1]) is a chronic discoloration of the skin found in people of all ages, usually only affecting the feet, legs or thighs or a combination. It may occur as a single event or subsequent ...
Cyanosis is the change of body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. [1] Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin , including the mucous membranes , lips, nail beds , and ear lobes. [ 1 ]
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. [1] Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body. [2]
The diagnosis is often suspected based on symptoms and a low blood oxygen that does not improve with oxygen therapy. [3] Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood gas. [3] Treatment is generally with oxygen therapy and methylene blue. [3] Other treatments may include vitamin C, exchange transfusion, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. [3]
Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic (clots resulting from the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls) [1] microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain or spinal cord, [2] occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia. [3]