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Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries [1] and possibly osteoporosis, [2] [3] due to a lack of fluoride in diet. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Common dietary sources of fluoride include tea, grape juice, wine, raisins, some seafood, coffee, and tap water that has been fluoridated . [ 6 ]
In some areas, skeletal fluorosis is endemic. While fluorosis is most severe and widespread in the world's two most populous countries – India and China – UNICEF estimates that "fluorosis is endemic in at least 25 countries across the globe. The total number of people affected is not known, but a conservative estimate would number in the ...
Fluoride is naturally present in groundwater, fresh and saltwater sources, as well as in rainwater, particularly in urban areas. [7] Seawater fluoride levels are usually in the range of 0.86 to 1.4 mg/L, and average 1.1 mg/L [8] (milligrams per litre). For comparison, chloride concentration in seawater is about 19 g/L.
Archives of Osteoporosis is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. [1] It was established in 2006 and is an official journal of the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the United States' National Osteoporosis Foundation . [ 1 ]
In fact, 75% of fluoride intake comes from drinking water with added fluoride and from food and beverages, such as sodas and fruit juice, made with fluoridated water, according to the CDC.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly . [ 3 ]
Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay, and is handled differently by countries across the world. [2]Water fluoridation is considered very common in the United States, Canada, Ireland, Chile and Australia where over 50% of the population drinks fluoridated water.
Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride for medical purposes. [2] Fluoride supplements are recommended to prevent tooth decay in children older than six months in areas where the drinking water is low in fluoride. [3] It is typically used as a liquid, pill, or paste by mouth. [4] Fluoride has also been used to treat a number of bone diseases. [5]