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Electrochemical fluorination (ECF), or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds. [1] The general approach represents an application of electrosynthesis .
As fluorine is itself manufactured by the electrolysis of hydrogen fluoride, ECF is a rather more direct route to fluorocarbons. The process proceeds at low voltage (5 – 6 V) so that free fluorine is not liberated. The choice of substrate is restricted as ideally it should be soluble in hydrogen fluoride.
Hydrogen fluoride does not boil until 20 °C in contrast to the heavier hydrogen halides, which boil between −85 °C (−120 °F) and −35 °C (−30 °F). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] This hydrogen bonding between HF molecules gives rise to high viscosity in the liquid phase and lower than expected pressure in the gas phase.
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive.A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
The main component of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is the interstitial fluid, or tissue fluid, which surrounds the cells in the body. The other major component of the ECF is the intravascular fluid of the circulatory system called blood plasma. The remaining small percentage of ECF includes the transcellular fluid.
The main method used for the industrial scale production of PFOS is electrochemical fluorination (ECF). [16] ECF is an electrolysis method whereby the precursor of octanesulfonyl fluoride is electrolyzed in a solution of hydrogen fluoride to give perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride. This production method also results in shorter chain ...
where, within the tissue region-of-interest from the PET image, C bone (T) is the bone tissue activity concentration of tracer (in units: MBq/ml) at any time T, C plasma (T) is the plasma concentration of tracer (in units: MBq/ml) at time T, V o is the fraction of the ROI occupied by the ECF compartment, and () is the area under the plasma ...
Fluoroantimonic acid is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride, containing various cations and anions (the simplest being H 2 F + and SbF − 6).This mixture is a superacid stronger than pure sulfuric acid, by many orders of magnitude, according to its Hammett acidity function.