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It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula H C O − 3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. [3] The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. [4] [5] The name lives on as a trivial name.
As calculated by the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, in order to maintain a normal pH of 7.4 in the blood (whereby the pK a of carbonic acid is 6.1 at physiological temperature), a 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid must constantly be maintained; this homeostasis is mainly mediated by pH sensors in the medulla oblongata of the brain ...
Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”
Aqueous carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid which is very unstable and will dissociate rapidly into hydronium and bicarbonate. Therefore, in seawater, dissolved inorganic carbon is commonly referred to as the collection of bicarbonate, carbonate ions, and dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 , H 2 CO 3 , HCO −
Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
This software calculate chemical equilibria for aquatic inorganic carbon species and parameters. Their core function is to use any two of the four central inorganic carbon system parameters ( pH , alkalinity , dissolved inorganic carbon , and partial pressure of carbon dioxide ) to calculate various chemical properties of the system.
Winters's formula, [1] named after R. W. Winters, [2] is a formula used to evaluate respiratory compensation when analyzing acid-base disorders in the presence of metabolic acidosis. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It can be given as:
It can substitute for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet, [4] and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders. [5] [6] As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent. Examples include as buffering agent in medications, an additive in winemaking.