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The Atlantic Wall (German: Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II.
On 20 October 1941 Hitler signed a directive, against the advice of Commander-in-Chief von Witzleben, to turn the Channel Islands into an "impregnable fortress". In the course of 1942, one twelfth of the resources funnelled into the whole Atlantic Wall was dedicated to the fortification of the Channel Islands. [48]
The following is a list of the Führer directives and Führer Orders issued by Adolf Hitler over the ... Coasts Atlantic Wall; [9 ... Order for the West Wall to be on ...
German fortresses (German: Festungen or Fester Platz, lit. ' fixed place '; called pockets by the Allies) during World War II were bridgeheads, cities, islands and towns designated by Adolf Hitler as areas that were to be fortified and stocked with food and ammunition in order to hold out against Allied offensives.
There were as many as 400,000 German troops in Norway during the occupation, a large proportion of whom were dedicated to the defense of this northern flank of the Atlantic Wall. The scope of Festung Norwegen originally included the entire coastal perimeter of Norway, from the Oslofjord around the southern coast to the border with the Soviet Union.
A significant step toward preparing Hitler's "New Order", the Nazi–Soviet agreement tacitly sought to restore the former spheres of influence of the Russian Empire, the German Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Balkans.
In World War II, the Atlantic pockets were locations along the coasts of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France chosen as strongholds by the occupying German forces, to be defended as long as possible against land attack by the Allies. The locations are known in German as Atlantikfestungen (lit. "Atlantic strongholds") but are known in English as ...
Adolf Hitler placed Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in charge of developing fortifications all along Hitler's proclaimed Atlantic Wall in anticipation of landings in France. The Allies failed to accomplish their objectives for the first day, but gained a tenuous foothold that they gradually expanded when they captured the port at Cherbourg on 26 ...