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Three cylinder engines also had an intermediate-pressure or IP cylinder, but these were less common than two cylinder engines. [i] In the tandem compound the cylinders are arranged end to end on a common axis (in this case, vertical) with both pistons mounted on the same rod and moving together. Each cylinder has independent valves and valve gear.
Each pair of cylinders had a shared rotary valve between them, driven by a half-speed bevel gear. Like the Paget locomotive, the valves were of cast-iron and ran in a phosphor bronze sleeve within the cylinder. [21] As the valve and cylinders must operate in phase, [iv] the ports are duplicated. The advantage overall is a reduction in linear ...
The cylinders can be said to work in "series" as opposed to the normal arrangement of a simple-expansion locomotive where they work in "parallel". In order to balance piston thrusts of a compound, the HP:LP cylinder volume ratio has to be carefully determined, usually by increasing the LP cylinder diameter and/or by lengthening the stroke.
Telescopic cylinders must only be used in machinery as a device for providing force and travel. Side forces and moment loads must be minimized. Telescopic cylinders should not be used to stabilize a structural component. [4] Hydraulic telescopic cylinders are often limited to a maximum hydraulic pressure of 2000-3000 psi.
There are many compound systems and configurations, but there are two basic types, according to how HP and LP piston strokes are phased and hence whether the HP exhaust is able to pass directly from HP to LP (Woolf compounds) or whether pressure fluctuation necessitates an intermediate "buffer" space in the form of a steam chest or pipe known as a receiver (receiver compounds).
A straight-twin engine, also known as an inline-twin, vertical-twin, inline-2, or parallel-twin, is a two-cylinder piston engine whose cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Straight-twin engines are primarily used in motorcycles; other uses include automobiles, marine vessels, snowmobiles, jet skis , all-terrain vehicles ...