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Magicicada cassini (originally spelled cassinii [a]), known as the 17-year cicada, Cassin's periodical cicada or the dwarf periodical cicada, [6] is a species of periodical cicada. It is endemic to North America. It has a 17-year life cycle but is otherwise indistinguishable from the 13-year periodical cicada Magicicada tredecassini.
Not only are the periodical cicada life cycles curious for their use of the prime numbers 13 or 17, but their evolution is also intricately tied to one- and four-year changes in their life cycles. [ 26 ] [ 28 ] One-year changes are less common than four-year changes and are probably tied to variation in local climatic conditions.
A Brood X cicada on a growing blackberry fruit near Baltimore (May 22, 2021) The brood's 2021 expected emergence in 15 states (Delaware, Illinois, Georgia, Indiana, New York, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Michigan), as well as in Washington, D.C., began in April.
Cicada with extensive fungus on abdomen. Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas.Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada.
There are two types of cicadas in the world, one that emerges every 17 years and another every 13 years. In 2024, both are coming up from the ground for the first time in 221 years.
The Cassini periodical cicadas are a pair of closely related species of periodical cicadas: Magicicada cassini [a] (Fisher, 1852), having a 17-year life cycle, and Magicicada tredecassini (Alexander and Moore, 1962), a nearly identical species with a 13-year life cycle.
One member of this family, Brevisana brevis, the "shrill thorntree cicada", is the loudest insect in the world, able to produce a song that exceeds 100 decibels. [6] Male cicadas can produce four types of acoustic signals: songs, calls, low-amplitude songs, and disturbance sounds. [ 7 ]
Amphipsalta zelandica Chorus cicada carved on pare on display at the New Zealand Arthropod Collection at Landcare Research, Auckland The song made by cicadas is the loudest noise made by any insect. Male chorus cicadas produce a communication song that is specific to their species, and so species can be identified by their song.