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Nursing as a profession has been stereotyped throughout history. The stereotypes given to nursing as well as women in nursing has been well documented. A common misconception is that all nurses are female; this misconception has led to the emergence of another stereotype that male nurses are effeminate.
In healthcare, Carper's fundamental ways of knowing is a typology that attempts to classify the different sources from which knowledge and beliefs in professional practice (originally specifically nursing) can be or have been derived. It was proposed by Barbara A. Carper, a professor at the College of Nursing at Texas Woman's University, in 1978.
2) Reflection of personal bias, world view, experiences, and values is done as a part of experiential learning experiences. Supporting students from diverse backgrounds such as race, class, religion, and the LGBT community leads to the diversification of the profession and socializes nursing students how to support diverse patient populations.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. [32] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias: Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs. [33]
In healthcare, implicit racial and ethnic biases can contribute to disparities in access to care, quality of care, and health outcomes for people of color. [16] A systematic review conducted by Hall et al. (2015) examined implicit racial and ethnic biases among healthcare professionals and their impact on healthcare outcomes.
The bias can be mitigated by having managers find common ground with the employee, thus priming the manager to see the employee as part of their in-group. [10] Firms can also counter the bias through implicit bias training and by having hiring and promotions be a data and metrics driven process.
Self-reported answers may be exaggerated; [7] respondents may be too embarrassed to reveal private details; various biases may affect the results, like social desirability bias. There are also cases when respondents guess the hypothesis of the study and provide biased responses that 1) confirm the researcher's conjecture; 2) make them look good ...
Because of this, many organizations tend to still display varying levels of both intentional and unintentional biases toward minorities [212] (Flores & Combs, 2013). For example, it explores the field of nursing. Nursing is one of the many healthcare careers where acceptance into school is very competitive.