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Treating eczema – a stepped approach. The recommended first-line (basic) treatments for most cases of eczema are emollients and topical steroids. Paste bandages and wet wraps may be a helpful addition for some people, particularly where scratching is a major problem.
In general, treatment of facial eczema involves avoiding further irritation caused by cosmetics and toiletries, switching to a gentle regimen of skin cleansing, and actively treating the eczema with emollients and anti-inflammatory therapy (topical steroids for flares and topical calcineurin inhibitors for longer-term treatment and maintenance).
Dupilumab, also known as Dupixent®, is a treatment for moderate to severe atopic eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) in adults and children aged 12 years and older. It’s also used to treat severe atopic eczema in children aged 6 months to 11 years.
When scalp eczema flares up, the treatment is similar to treatment for other body areas. Try to treat the scalp and not the hair – part the hair and massage treatments onto the scalp. Topical steroids designed for use on the scalp can be prescribed.
Be aware that the skin around the eyes can become infected, so seek medical attention if you develop weeping or crusting with a golden tinge (this may be a bacterial infection), or small fluid-filled blisters, especially if they are painful (this may be a viral infection called eczema herpeticum).
So far, there is no cure for eczema. Eczema is a chronic condition with periods of flare and periods of remission, and most people with a history of eczema still have problems with dry and itchy skin.
Topical steroids (topical corticosteroids) are recommended by the NHS for treating eczema flareups and have been used for over 70 years. To work effectively, they need to be used alongside emollients, which soothe, protect and moisturise the skin.
Genital eczema can be treated and controlled, but as with all types of eczema, it is often a long-term condition with no cure. It is important that you use the products prescribed by your doctor or dermatologist, and attend appointments in order for the condition to be monitored and treatments changed if necessary.
Phototherapy works by targeting the overactive immune response in the skin, to reduce those itchy, irritated red or darker patches caused by flares. If successful, it can improve eczema for a while, but it is not a cure and the eczema may return.
Emollients soothe and relieve itch, producing an oily layer on the surface of the skin, which traps water beneath it. The restoration of the skin’s barrier function by emollients prevents irritants, allergens and bacteria entering the skin, thereby avoiding or reducing eczema flares and infection.