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change in a variable (e.g. ) unitless Laplace operator: per square meter (m −2) displacement (usually small) meter (m) Dirac delta function: Kronecker delta (e.g ) epsilon: permittivity: farad per meter (F/m) strain: unitless
Conjugate variables are pairs of variables mathematically defined in such a way that they become Fourier transform duals, [1][2] or more generally are related through Pontryagin duality. The duality relations lead naturally to an uncertainty relation—in physics called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle —between them.
In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time. [1] More specifically, the equations of motion describe the behavior of a physical system as a set of mathematical functions in terms of dynamic variables.
Linearity. The Schrödinger equation is a linear differential equation, meaning that if two state vectors and are solutions, then so is any linear combination of the two state vectors where a and b are any complex numbers. [13]: 25 Moreover, the sum can be extended for any number of state vectors.
Field (physics) Illustration of the electric field surrounding a positive (red) and a negative (blue) charge. In science, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time. [1][2][3] A weather map, with the surface temperature described by assigning a number to each ...
Lists of physics equations. In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
In physics, a hidden-variable theory is a deterministic physical model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional (possibly inaccessible) variables. Indeterminacy of the state of a system previous to measurement is assumed to be a part of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics ...
v. t. e. Canonical commutation rule for position q and momentum p variables of a particle, 1927. pq − qp = h / (2 πi). Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, 1927. The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with ...