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Clonidine is used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or smoking), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions. It also sees some use off-label for episodic insomnia, restless-legs syndrome, and anxiety, among other uses.
A small number of patients may worsen on clonidine. [44] Guanfacine (brand name Tenex) is another antihypertensive that is used in treating TS. Side effects can include sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, headaches and dizziness. Sedation can be problematic when treatment is first initiated, but may wear off as the patient adjusts to the medication. [4]
Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth, which is often (but not always) associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands. [ 3 ] The term is derived from the Greek words ξηρός (xeros) meaning "dry" and στόμα (stoma) meaning "mouth". [ 4 ][ 5 ] A drug or substance that increases the rate of salivary flow is termed a ...
Alpha-blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors). [2] Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool for pharmacologic research to develop a greater understanding of the autonomic nervous system.
When looking at sustained freedom from pain, researchers found that eletriptan and ibuprofen were the most effective. Researchers concluded that eletriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and ...
Tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is believed to involve the neurotransmitter dopamine. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips, [1] which occurs following treatment with medication. [6][7] Additional ...
Muscle relaxant. A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.
Cholinergic blocking drugs are a group of drugs that block the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, in synapses of the cholinergic nervous system. [1] They block acetylcholine from binding to cholinergic receptors, namely the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. These agents have broad effects due to their actions in nerves located ...