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  2. Aesthetic medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic_medicine

    Aesthetic medicine procedures are usually elective. [4] There is a long history of aesthetic medicine procedures, dating back to many notable cases in the 19th century, [5] though techniques have developed much since then.

  3. Plastic surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery

    Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of ...

  4. History of aesthetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aesthetics

    Ancient Greek aesthetics. The first important contributions to aesthetic theory are usually considered to stem from philosophers in Ancient Greece, among which the most noticeable are Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus. When interpreting writings from this time, it is worth noticing that it is debatable whether an exact equivalent to the term beauty ...

  5. Caduceus as a symbol of medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceus_as_a_symbol_of...

    The spirit of medicine, as imagined by Salomon Trismosin, 1582. The Caduceus became a symbol of alchemy and pharmacy in medieval Europe. Its first appearance as a medical symbol can be traced back to 1st−4th century CE in oculists' stamps that were found mostly in Celtic areas, such as Gaul, Germany and Britain, which had an engraving of the name of the physician, the name of the special ...

  6. History of cosmetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cosmetics

    The history of cosmetics spans at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on earth. Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments ( red ochre ) including crayons associated with the emergence of Homo sapiens in ...

  7. Aesthetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics

    Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste and, in a broad sense, incorporates the philosophy of art. [1] Aesthetics examines the philosophy of aesthetic value, which is determined by critical judgments of artistic taste; [2] thus, the function of aesthetics is the ...

  8. Culture of cosmetic surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_cosmetic_surgery

    Culture of cosmetic surgery is a set of attitudes and behavior regarding making changes to one's appearance via plastic surgery. World War I left thousands of soldiers with unprecedented levels of facial damage, creating a massive need for reconstructive surgery. Harold Gillies of New Zealand developed methods to restore function and structure ...

  9. Neuroesthetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroesthetics

    Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic experience of art, music, or any object that can give rise to aesthetic judgments. [2] Neuroesthetics is a term coined by Semir Zeki in 1999 [ 3 ] and received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of ...