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Weaker forms of physical causal closure are synonymous with the causal completeness, [6] the notion that "Every physical effect that has a sufficient cause has a sufficient physical cause." [ 5 ] That is, weaker forms allow that in addition to physical causes, there may be other kinds of causes for physical events.
The first principle, which most ontological physicalists would accept, is the causal closure of the physical domain, according to which, every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause. The second principle Kim notes is that of causal exclusion, which holds that no normal event can have more than one sufficient cause.
With causal closure, no physical event has a cause outside the physical domain, and with physical determinism, the future is determined entirely by preceding events (cause and effect). The puzzle of reconciling 'free will' with a deterministic universe is known as the problem of free will or sometimes referred to as the dilemma of determinism ...
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Jaegwon Kim has argued against non-reductive physicalism on the grounds that it violates the causal closure of the physical, which assumes that physics provides a full explanation of physical events. If mental properties are causally efficacious, they must either be identical to physical properties or there must be widespread overdetermination.
During the Oct. 29 speech, Harris said Trump had been "at this very spot … and sent an armed mob to the United States Capitol to overturn the will of the people in a free and fair election."
Kamala Harris will deliver a “closing argument” speech in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday at the site where Donald Trump spoke shortly before the Jan. 6 riot, according to a senior campaign official.
Vice President Kamala Harris plans to deliver a final-stretch closing argument address next week at the same location her rival delivered a fiery speech on January 6, 2021 that set in motion the ...