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2. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

   A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with computer card punches and ...

3. IBM 2540 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_2540

   The IBM 2540 is a punched-card computer peripheral manufactured by IBM Corporation for use of System/360 and later computer systems. The 2540 was designed by IBM's Data Processing Division in Rochester, Minnesota, and was introduced in 1965. [1] The 2540 can read punched-cards at 1000 cards per minute (CPM) and punch at 300 CPM.

4. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

   A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...

5. Linear Flash - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Flash

   Combined with file management software, such as Flash Translation Layer (FTL) or M-Systems TrueFFS Flash File System, the Linear Flash cards provide removable disk emulation. As PC Cards (was PCMCIA), Linear Flash cards should have a Card Information Structure (CIS). However, many memory cards do not have a CIS.

6. Card reader - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_reader

   A card reader is a data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium and provides the data to a computer. Card readers can acquire data from a card via a number of methods, including: optical scanning of printed text or barcodes or holes on punched cards, electrical signals from connections made or interrupted by a card's punched holes or embedded circuitry, or electronic ...

7. Digital card - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_card

   The magnetic stripe is read by swiping it past a magnetic reading head. Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used in credit cards , identity cards , and transportation tickets. They may also contain a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag , a transponder device and/or a microchip mostly used for access control or electronic payment.