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Turbulence is characterized by the following features: Irregularity Turbulent flows are always highly irregular. For this reason, turbulence problems are normally treated statistically rather than deterministically. Turbulent flow is chaotic. However, not all chaotic flows are turbulent. Diffusivity
The propensity of a fluid to swirl is used to promote good fuel/air mixing in internal combustion engines.. In fluid mechanics and transport phenomena, an eddy is not a property of the fluid, but a violent swirling motion caused by the position and direction of turbulent flow.
Experts have described turbulence as ‘common’ and asserted that it ‘rarely’ leads to fatalities.
That is the reason why down-gradient eddy diffusion models are often referred to as "Fickian", emphasizing this mathematical similarity. Note that the eddy diffusivity K {\textstyle K} can in general be a function of space and time, since its value is given by the pattern of eddies that can evolve in time and vary from place to place.
Two generic types of wave turbulence should be distinguished: statistical wave turbulence (SWT) and discrete wave turbulence (DWT). In SWT theory exact and quasi-resonances are omitted, which allows using some statistical assumptions and describing the wave system by kinetic equations and their stationary solutions – the approach developed by Vladimir E. Zakharov.
The death of a British man and injuries impacting dozens of other people aboard a Singapore Airlines flight that hit severe turbulence Tuesday highlighted the potential dangers of flying through ...
Turbulence is a difficult phenomenon to model and understand, and it adds another layer of complexity to the problem of solving the Navier–Stokes equations. To solve the Navier–Stokes equations, we need to find a velocity field v ( x , t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} (x,t)} and a pressure field p ( x , t ) {\displaystyle p(x,t)} that satisfy ...
Clear-air turbulence has been around for decades, but climate change is making it worse. Here’s how airlines and scientists are handling this growing problem.