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In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns ( interference patterns ) obtained in X-ray , electron and neutron ...
In condensed matter physics, the dynamic structure factor (or dynamical structure factor) is a mathematical function that contains information about inter-particle correlations and their time evolution. It is a generalization of the structure factor that considers correlations in both space and time.
The structure factor is a complex number containing information relating to both the amplitude and phase of a wave. In order to obtain an interpretable electron density map , both amplitude and phase must be known (an electron density map allows a crystallographer to build a starting model of the molecule).
One can determine () indirectly (via its relation with the structure factor ()) using neutron scattering or x-ray scattering data. The technique can be used at very short length scales (down to the atomic level [ 10 ] ) but involves significant space and time averaging (over the sample size and the acquisition time, respectively).
The structure function, like the fragmentation function, is a probability density function in physics. It is somewhat analogous to the structure factor in solid-state physics , and the form factor (quantum field theory) .
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Atomic form factor patterns are often represented as a function of the magnitude of the scattering vector = (). Herein k = 2 π / λ {\displaystyle k=2\pi /\lambda } is the wavenumber and 2 θ {\displaystyle 2\theta } is the scattering angle between the incident x-ray beam and the detector measuring the scattered intensity, while λ ...
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