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  2. Density functional theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_functional_theory

    The first HK theorem demonstrates that the ground-state properties of a many-electron system are uniquely determined by an electron density that depends on only three spatial coordinates. It set down the groundwork for reducing the many-body problem of N electrons with 3 N spatial coordinates to three spatial coordinates, through the use of ...

  3. Time-dependent density functional theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-dependent_density...

    The formal foundation of TDDFT is the Runge–Gross (RG) theorem (1984) [1] – the time-dependent analogue of the Hohenberg–Kohn (HK) theorem (1964). [2] The RG theorem shows that, for a given initial wavefunction, there is a unique mapping between the time-dependent external potential of a system and its time-dependent density.

  4. Hockey-stick identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey-stick_identity

    The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n=6, r=2: 1+3+6+10+15=35. In combinatorics , the hockey-stick identity , [ 1 ] Christmas stocking identity , [ 2 ] boomerang identity , Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem , [ 3 ] states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then

  5. Complete homogeneous symmetric polynomial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_homogeneous...

    The complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials are characterized by the following identity of formal power series in t: = (, …,) = = = = = (this is called the generating function, or generating series, for the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials).

  6. 68–95–99.7 rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68–95–99.7_rule

    In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr or 3 σ, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean ...

  7. Complement (group theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(group_theory)

    In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, a complement of a subgroup H in a group G is a subgroup K of G such that = = {:,} = {}. Equivalently, every element of G has a unique expression as a product hk where h ∈ H and k ∈ K.

  8. Quasi-arithmetic mean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-arithmetic_mean

    In mathematics and statistics, the quasi-arithmetic mean or generalised f-mean or Kolmogorov-Nagumo-de Finetti mean [1] is one generalisation of the more familiar means such as the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean, using a function .

  9. Coupling (probability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_(probability)

    Using the standard formalism of probability theory, let and be two random variables defined on probability spaces (,,) and (,,).Then a coupling of and is a new probability space (,,) over which there are two random variables and such that has the same distribution as while has the same distribution as .