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Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or echo-endoscopy is a medical procedure in which endoscopy (insertion of a probe into a hollow organ) is combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs in the chest, abdomen and colon. It can be used to visualize the walls of these organs, or to look at adjacent structures.
Endoscopic ultrasound is the most commonly used test to gather the needed information about the pseudocyst for this method. [2] The endoscopic method depends on the presence of a bulge into the stomach or duodenum to determine the site for catheterization. Inherent risks include missing the pseudocyst, injuring nearby vessels, and inefficient ...
Endoscopic findings may include a hiatal hernia, esophagitis, strictures, tumors, or masses. [2] Increased pressure at the LES over time may result in an epiphrenic diverticulum. [ 2 ] Further evaluation for mechanical causes of obstruction may include CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound.
A relatively new and less-invasive method involving endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance and fluoroscopy. A large bore needle is used to access the identified pseudocyst, creating a fistula between the cystic cavity and either the stomach or the duodenum. [6] Plastic stents may be placed to facilitate drainage from the pseudocyst. [4]
Ultrasound probe (curvilinear type) is used for examination of superficial structures. Abdominal ultrasonography (also called abdominal ultrasound imaging or abdominal sonography) is a form of medical ultrasonography (medical application of ultrasound technology) to visualise abdominal anatomical structures.
Staging information which is obtained prior to surgery, for example by x-rays and endoscopic ultrasound, is called clinical staging; staging by surgery is known as pathological staging. Clinical staging is done by a combination of imaging and sampling (biopsies), or stated differently, non-invasive (radiological) and invasive (biopsy) methods.
A specialized probe containing an ultrasound transducer at its tip is passed into the patient's esophagus. [1] This allows image and Doppler evaluation which can be recorded. It is commonly used during cardiac surgery and is an excellent modality for assessing the aorta, although there are some limitations. [2]
Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing (FEESST), is essentially a Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) procedure with a formal sensory test (also known as laryngopharyngeal sensory testing) protocol included used to elicit the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex (LAR) directly using air pulses or direct touch with an endoscope.