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The cremasteric reflex (elevation of the testicle in response to stroking the upper inner thigh) remains normal. [1] This is a useful sign to distinguish it from testicular torsion. If there is pain relieved by elevation of the testicle, this is called Prehn's sign, which is, however, non-specific and is not useful for diagnosis. [13]
The differential diagnosis of testicular pain is broad and involves conditions from benign to life-threatening. The most common causes of pain in children presenting to the emergency room are testicular torsion (16%), torsion of a testicular appendage (46%), and epididymitis (35%). [4] In adults, the most common cause is epididymitis. [citation ...
Chronic testicular pain may be caused by injury, infection, surgery, cancer, varicocele, or testicular torsion, and is a possible complication after vasectomy. [2] IgG4-related disease is a more recently identified cause of chronic orchialgia. [4] One author describes the syndromes of chronic testicular pain thus:
Testicle pain, better referred to as scrotal content pain, can be due to a variety of non-organ-threatening causes such as referred pain from a hernia, kidney stone, as mentioned above, or most ...
According to Prehn's sign, the physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion. [ 4 ] Negative Prehn's sign indicates no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards testicular torsion which is a surgical emergency and must be relieved within 6 hours.
In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until the infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain.
The signs and symptoms listed below are relating to hematoceles and associated conditions that can be due to other causes such as testicular cancer or testicular torsion: [7] Unusual lump; Sudden pain; Dull aching pain or feeling heavy in the scrotum; Pain radiating throughout the groin, abdomen, or lower back; Tender, swollen, or hardened testicle
Other symptoms include shortness of breath while lying down, a dry cough, low-grade fever, abdominal or leg swelling, whole body weakness, and fatigue. Myocarditis Inflammation of the heart muscle ...