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In organic chemistry, a ketone / ˈ k iː t oʊ n / is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' is methyl), with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO ...
an organic compound; simplest example of the ketones: Acetylene: a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne; widely used as a fuel and chemical building block Ammonia: inorganic; the precursor to most nitrogen-containing compounds; used to make fertilizer Ammonium hydroxide: aqueous ammonia; used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis
For example, (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 (isopentane) is named 2-methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. If there are multiple side-branches of the same size alkyl group, their positions are separated by commas and the group prefixed with multiplier prefixes depending on the number of branches. For example, C(CH 3) 4 (neopentane) is named 2,2 ...
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) is a fluorinated ketone with the structural formula CF 3 CF 2 C(=O)CF(CF 3) 2, a fully-fluorinated analog of ethyl isopropyl ketone. It is used as an electronics coolant liquid and fire protection fluid sold commercially by 3M under brand names such as Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK-5-1-12. It is also known as ...
A classic example for favoring the keto form can be seen in the equilibrium between vinyl alcohol and acetaldehyde (K = [enol]/[keto] ≈ 3 × 10 −7). In 1,3-diketones, such as acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione), the enol form is more favored. The acid-catalyzed conversion of an enol to the keto form proceeds by proton transfer from O to carbon.
Ketogenesis pathway. The three ketone bodies (acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate) are marked within orange boxes. Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where ethyl acetoacetate is alkylated at the α-carbon to both carbonyl groups and then converted into a ketone, or more specifically an α-substituted acetone. This is very similar to malonic ester synthesis. Acetoacetic ester synthesis equation
3-Octanone is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 11 C(O)C 2 H 5. A colorless fragrant liquid, it is classified as a ketone . It is one of three octanones, the others being 2-octanone and 4-octanone.