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The graph crosses the x-axis at roots of odd multiplicity and does not cross it at roots of even multiplicity. A non-zero polynomial function is everywhere non-negative if and only if all its roots have even multiplicity and there exists an x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} such that f ( x 0 ) > 0 {\displaystyle f(x_{0})>0} .
In statistics, the multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when one considers a set of statistical inferences simultaneously [1] or estimates a subset of parameters selected based on the observed values. [2] The larger the number of inferences made, the more likely erroneous inferences become.
are solved using cross-multiplication, since the missing b term is implicitly equal to 1: a 1 = x d . {\displaystyle {\frac {a}{1}}={\frac {x}{d}}.} Any equation containing fractions or rational expressions can be simplified by multiplying both sides by the least common denominator .
The notion of the multiplicity of a module is a generalization of the degree of a projective variety. By Serre's intersection formula, it is linked to an intersection multiplicity in the intersection theory. The main focus of the theory is to detect and measure a singular point of an algebraic variety (cf. resolution of singularities).
In mathematics, Serre's multiplicity conjectures, named after Jean-Pierre Serre, are certain problems in commutative algebra, motivated by the needs of algebraic geometry. Since André Weil 's initial definition of intersection numbers , around 1949, there had been a question of how to provide a more flexible and computable theory, which Serre ...
This extended multiplicity function is commonly called simply the multiplicity function, and suffices for defining multisets when the universe containing the elements has been fixed. This multiplicity function is a generalization of the indicator function of a subset , and shares some properties with it.
When searching for a signal in a continuous parameter space there can also be a problem of multiple comparisons, or look-elsewhere effect. For example, a physicist might be looking to discover a particle of unknown mass by considering a large range of masses; this was the case during the Nobel Prize winning detection of the Higgs boson.
To give a definition, in the general case, of the intersection multiplicity was the major concern of André Weil's 1946 book Foundations of Algebraic Geometry. Work in the 1920s of B. L. van der Waerden had already addressed the question; in the Italian school of algebraic geometry the ideas were well known, but foundational questions were not ...