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Tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch . [ 1 ] As of 2021, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, first used on humans in 1921.
M72/AS01 E is an experimental tuberculosis vaccine. If approved, it would be the first vaccine for tuberculosis in more than a century after the BCG vaccine. [1] [2] The vaccine consists of two main ingredients. The antigen part is M72, a recombinant fusion protein derived from the sequences of two M. tuberculosis antigens (Mtb32A and Mtb39A ).
MVA85A (modified vaccinia Ankara 85A) is a vaccine against tuberculosis developed by researchers led by Professor Helen McShane at Oxford University. [1] It is a viral vector vaccine and consists of an MVA virus engineered to express the 85A antigen once it infects a host cell. 85A is a cell-wall protein of the tuberculosis bacillus.
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The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). [9] It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. [10] [11] In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible. [9]
Rigorous preclinical studies in different TB-relevant animal models - mice, guinea pigs and non-human primates - conducted between 2001 and 2011 have shown adequate attenuation, safety and improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis challenge as compared to BCG, thus fulfilling regulatory WHO guidelines and the Geneva consensus requirements for progressing live ...
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Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, [7] is a contagious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. [1] Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but it can also affect other parts of the body. [ 1 ]