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It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. [1] The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%). Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry.
Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated haemoglobin relative to total haemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 96–100 percent. [1]
The extent of the solubility of a substance in a specific solvent is generally measured as the concentration of the solute in a saturated solution, one in which no more solute can be dissolved. [1] At this point, the two substances are said to be at the solubility equilibrium .
According to the American Meteorological Society Glossary of Meteorology, saturation vapor pressure properly refers to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water above a flat surface of liquid water or solid ice, and is a function only of temperature and whether the condensed phase is liquid or solid. [17]
A saturated liquid contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling (or conversely a saturated vapor contains as little thermal energy as it can without condensing). Saturation temperature means boiling point. The saturation temperature is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase.
In soil mechanics and petroleum engineering the water saturation or degree of saturation, , is defined as = = = where = / is the porosity, in terms of the volume of void or pore space and the total volume of the substance .
Saturation is most clearly seen in the magnetization curve (also called BH curve or hysteresis curve) of a substance, as a bending to the right of the curve (see graph at right). As the H field increases, the B field approaches a maximum value asymptotically, the saturation level for the substance.
Saturation arithmetic, in arithmetic, a version of arithmetic in which all operations are limited to fixed range; Saturation (graph theory), a categorization of vertices in graph theory; Saturated measure, if every locally measurable set is also measurable; Saturated multiplicatively closed sets, a concept in ring theory