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Plato analyzes the polis in the Republic, the Greek title of which, Πολιτεία , itself derives from the word polis. The best form of government of the polis for Plato is the one that leads to the common good. The philosopher king is the best ruler because, as a philosopher, he is acquainted with the Form of the Good.
In Greek, words deriving from polis include politēs and politismos, whose exact equivalents in Latin, Romance, and other European languages, respectively civis ("citizen"), civilisatio ("civilisation"), etc., are similarly derived. A number of other common nouns end in -polis. Most refer to a special kind of city or state. Examples include:
Politeia is derived from both the root word polis meaning "city" or "state", [5] and from the verb politeuomai that means "I am living as an active citizen of the polis". People living in a Greek city/state were not necessarily citizens. A person that was ostracized from the active matrix of the city was an example of such.
19th century engraving of the Colossus of Rhodes. Ancient Greek literary sources claim that among the many deities worshipped by a typical Greek city-state (sing. polis, pl. poleis), one consistently held unique status as founding patron and protector of the polis, its citizens, governance and territories, as evidenced by the city's founding myth, and by high levels of investment in the deity ...
A katoikia (Ancient Greek: κατοικία) was similar to a polis, typically a military colony, [2] with some municipal institutions, but not those of a full polis. The word derives from the Ancient Greek: κατοικέω for "to inhabit" (a settlement) and is somewhat similar [citation needed] to the Latin civitas.
By Solon's time, if not before, the word polis had acquired its classical meaning, [12] and though the emergence of the polis as a political community was still in progress at this point, [13] the polis as an urban centre was a product of the eighth century. [14]
An acropolis is defined by the Greek definition of ἀκρόπολις, akropolis; from akros (άκρος) or akron (άκρον) meaning “highest; edge; extremity”, and polis (πόλις) meaning “city.” [2] The plural of acropolis (ακρόπολη) is acropolises, also commonly as acropoleis and acropoles, and ακροπόλεις in Greek.
The agora (/ ˈ æ ɡ ə r ə /; Ancient Greek: ἀγορά, romanized: agorá, meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. It is the best representation of a city-state's response to accommodate the social and political order of the polis. [1]