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An ion trap, used for precision measurements of radium ions, inside a vacuum chamber. View ports surrounding the chamber allow laser light to be directed into the trap. An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an external environment.
In experimental physics, a quadrupole ion trap or paul trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also called radio frequency (RF) traps or Paul traps in honor of Wolfgang Paul , who invented the device [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work. [ 3 ]
Other forms of digital ion trap were also developed, including the linear ion trap constructed using printed circuit boards [30] and the rods structure linear ion guide/trap. [31] [23] Two sets of switch circuitry were normally used to generate 2 phases of rectangular pulse waveform for two pairs of rods in case of the linear digital ion trap.
The MR-ToF mass spectrometer/separator injects and ejects ions, using a switched cavity, and reflects them between two electrostatic mirror sets to increase their flight path. [9] This gives a large resolving power for a short trapping time, and therefore efficient isobaric separation can be performed. [ 10 ]
A sector instrument can be combined with a collision quadrupole and quadrupole mass analyzer to form a hybrid instrument. [1] A BEqQ configuration with a magnetic sector (B), electric sector (E), collision quadrupole (q) and m/z selection quadrupole (Q) have been constructed [2] [3] and an instrument with two electric sectors (BEEQ) has been described.
A Thermo Finnigan LTQ (linear trap quadrupole) The linear ion trap (LIT) is a type of ion trap mass spectrometer. In a LIT, ions are confined radially by a two-dimensional radio frequency (RF) field, and axially by stopping potentials applied to end electrodes. LITs have high injection efficiencies and high ion storage capacities. [1]
The flange design, inner and outer conductor dimensions are standardized, by EIA, in the RS-225, 50 Ω (ohm), and RS-259, 75 Ω, standards.They are commonly referred to by the inner diameter of the outer conductor in fractional inches.
To restrict the ion motion along the direction of the electron beam axis, trapping electrodes carrying positive voltages with respect to a central electrode are used. The resulting ion trap can hold ions for many seconds and minutes, and conditions for reaching the highest charge states, up to bare uranium (U 92+) can be achieved in this way. [2]