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The clear cut definition of light and heavy crude varies because the classification is based more on practical grounds than theoretical. The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) defines light crude oil for domestic U.S. oil as having an API gravity between 37° API (840 kg/m 3) and 42° API (816 kg/m 3), while it defines light crude oil for non-U.S. oil as being between 32° API (865 kg/m 3 ...
‡ In Canada, a cup was historically 8 imperial fluid ounces (227 mL) but could also refer to 10 imperial fl oz (284 mL), as in Britain, and even a metric cup of 250 mL. Serving sizes on nutrition labelling on food packages in Canada employ the metric cup of 250 mL, with nutrition labelling in the US using a cup of 240 mL, based on the US ...
The fact that the refence conditions are not exactly the same means that an exact conversion is impossible unless the exact expansion coefficient of the crude is known, and this will vary from one crude oil to another. For a light oil with density of 850 kilogram per cubic metre (API gravity of 35), [b] warming the oil from 59 °F (15 °C) to ...
A measuring cup is a kitchen utensil used primarily to measure the volume of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients such as flour and sugar, especially for volumes from about 50 mL (approx. 2 fl oz) upwards. Measuring cups are also used to measure washing powder, liquid detergents and bleach for clothes washing.
There are commercial tubes for stalagmometric method in three sizes: 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 (mL). The 2.5-mL size is suitable for small volumes and low viscosity, that of 3.5 (mL) for relatively viscous fluids, and that of 5.0 (mL) for large volumes and high viscosity. The 2.5-mL size is suitable for most fluids. [6]
The tunable laser provides a narrow, tunable wavelength light source that can be used to analyze these small spectral features. According to the Beer-Lambert law, the amount of light absorbed by the gas is proportional to the amount of the gas present in the light's path; therefore, this technique is a direct measurement of moisture. In order ...
Basic sediment and water (BS&W) is both a technical specification of certain impurities in crude oil and the method for measuring it. When extracted from an oil reservoir, the crude oil will contain some amount of water and suspended solids from the reservoir formation. The particulate matter is known as sediment or mud.
Materials can now be analysed through photoanalysis procedures. Unlike sieve analyses which can be time-consuming and inaccurate, taking a photo of a sample of the materials to be measured and using software to analyze the photo can result in rapid, accurate measurements. Another advantage is that the material can be analyzed without being handled.